NEW YORK, NY—What began as an ancient tribute to life-giving goddesses and was later formalized by an American activist has evolved into a global phenomenon, with Mother’s Day reflecting dramatically different cultural values across continents. While the core sentiment of honoring motherhood remains constant, the dates, symbols, and rituals associated with this observance highlight nuanced perspectives on family, gratitude, and national identity, often navigating a persistent tension between sincere devotion and intense commercialism.

The modern iteration of Mother’s Day traces back to the tireless campaign of Anna Jarvis in the early 20th century United States. Following the passing of her mother in 1905, Jarvis successfully advocated for a national day of recognition, officially established by President Woodrow Wilson in 1914 on the second Sunday of May. Ironically, Jarvis spent her later years railing against the pervasive commercialization of the holiday she created, which has since become one of the most profitable retail events globally.

Asia: Piety, Queens, and Shifting Dates

Across Asia, celebrations often intertwine imported Western practices with deep-seated indigenous traditions, particularly the Confucian principle of filial piety.

In China, the adoption of the second Sunday in May has been hybridized, with ongoing debate about aligning the date with the birthday of Mencius’s mother—an ancient symbol of maternal devotion. South Korea notably combines both parents into Parents’ Day on May 8, where red carnations are pinned to the clothing of living mothers and fathers.

Thailand ties the observance directly to national identity, celebrating on August 12, the birthday of the revered Queen Sirikit, known as the “mother of the nation.” Thai children honor their mothers with jasmine flowers and often physically demonstrate respect by kneeling at their feet—a powerful gesture of devotion in Thai culture.

In contrast to modern observance, India continues to hold its ancient, profoundly significant ten-day Durga Puja festival in October, honoring the goddess Durga, the divine mother figure encompassing creative and protective power.

European History and Regional Flavors

European observances are marked by distinct historical roots. The United Kingdom and Ireland retain the older tradition of Mothering Sunday, held on the fourth Sunday of Lent. Originating as a religious day for returning to one’s “mother church,” it still carries a unique Lenten timing and is often associated with simnel cakes and spring daffodils.

France celebrates the National Day of Mothers later in the year. Its initial push was rooted in post-World War I efforts to encourage population growth, a history reflected in past government honors awarded to mothers of large families. Today, the French celebration is known for extravagant, reserved-in-advance meals, reflecting a cultural emphasis on culinary elegance.

Latin American Music and Marian Connections

Family and religious traditions dominate Mother’s Day throughout Latin America. Mexico celebrates with a fixed, universally observed date: May 10. A cherished tradition involves hiring mariachi bands to serenade mothers in the morning with the traditional song “Las Mañanitas,” transforming the day into a vibrant public and communal event.

Argentina stands out by celebrating on the third Sunday of October, consciously linking the holiday to the Feast of the Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, giving the observance an explicitly Catholic foundation. Meanwhile, in Peru, while the date aligns with May, locals favor native orchids over roses, showcasing pride in indigenous flora and often visiting cemeteries to honor deceased female relatives.

The Universal Language of Flowers

Despite global variations in timing and ritual, flowers serve as the near-universal medium of expression. Carnations remain dominant in many Western and Asian countries, with white symbolizing remembrance of the deceased and red signifying admiration for the living.

However, many nations prioritize native blooms: chrysanthemums in Australia (where “mum” is in the name), proteas in South Africa, and jasmine in Thailand. The choice between imported roses and indigenous flowers often reflects a balance between global commercial trends and assertions of local cultural identity.

Whether families choose an Ethiopian three-day feast, a Mexican serenade, or an American restaurant outing, the worldwide diversity of Mother’s Day underscores a shared human need to formally acknowledge the sacrifices and unconditional love defining motherhood. The holiday’s staying power lies in its ability to be customized—from ancient goddess worship to royal decree—while maintaining a consistently heartfelt message of appreciation.

永生花